Python - 内置模块

Python - 内置模块Python 交互式 shell 有许多内置函数。它们在 shell 启动时自动加载并始终可用，例如用于 I/O 的 print() 和 input()，数字转换函数 int()、float()、complex()，数据类型转换 list()、tuple()、set() 等。

除了内置函数，Python 发行版捆绑的库中还提供了大量预定义函数。这些函数在模块中定义，被称为内置模块。

内置模块是用 C 语言编写的，并与 Python shell 集成。每个内置模块都包含特定系统功能（如操作系统管理、磁盘 I/O 等）的资源。标准库还包含许多带有 .py 扩展名的 Python 脚本，其中包含有用的实用程序。

要在 Python 控制台中显示所有可用模块的列表，请使用以下命令

Python IDLE 复制>>> help('modules')

IPython _weakrefset heapq secrets

__future__ _winapi hmac select

_abc abc html selectors

_ast aifc http setuptools

_asyncio antigravity idlelib shelve

_bisect argparse imaplib shlex

_blake2 array imghdr shutil

_bootlocale ast imp signal

_bz2 asynchat importlib simplegeneric

_codecs asyncio ind site

_codecs_cn asyncore inspect six

_codecs_hk atexit io smtpd

_codecs_iso2022 audioop ipaddress smtplib

_codecs_jp autoreload ipython_genutils sndhdr

_codecs_kr backcall itertools socket

_codecs_tw base64 jedi socketserver

_collections bdb json sqlite3

_collections_abc binascii keyword sre_compile

_compat_pickle binhex lib2to3 sre_constants

_compression bisect linecache sre_parse

_contextvars builtins locale ssl

_csv bz2 logging stat

_ctypes cProfile lzma statistics

_ctypes_test calendar macpath storemagic

_datetime cgi mailbox string

_decimal cgitb mailcap stringprep

_distutils_findvs chunk marshal struct

_dummy_thread cmath math subprocess

_elementtree cmd mimetypes sunau

_functools code mmap symbol

_hashlib codecs modulefinder sympyprinting

_heapq codeop msilib symtable

_imp collections msvcrt sys

_io colorama multiprocessing sysconfig

_json colorsys netrc tabnanny

_locale compileall nntplib tarfile

_lsprof concurrent nt telnetlib

_lzma configparser ntpath tempfile

_markupbase contextlib nturl2path test

_md5 contextvars numbers tests

_msi copy opcode textwrap

_multibytecodec copyreg operator this

_multiprocessing crypt optparse threading

_opcode csv os time

_operator ctypes parser timeit

_osx_support curses parso tkinter

_overlapped cythonmagic pathlib token

_pickle dataclasses pdb tokenize

_py_abc datetime pickle trace

_pydecimal dbm pickleshare traceback

_pyio decimal pickletools tracemalloc

_queue decorator pip traitlets

_random difflib pipes tty

_sha1 dis pkg_resources turtle

_sha256 distutils pkgutil turtledemo

_sha3 doctest platform types

_sha512 dummy_threading plistlib typing

_signal easy_install poplib unicodedata

_sitebuiltins email posixpath unittest

_socket encodings pprint urllib

_sqlite3 ensurepip profile uu

_sre enum prompt_toolkit uuid

_ssl errno pstats venv

_stat faulthandler pty warnings

_string filecmp py_compile wave

_strptime fileinput pyclbr wcwidth

_struct fnmatch pydoc weakref

_symtable formatter pydoc_data webbrowser

_testbuffer fractions pyexpat winreg

_testcapi ftplib pygments winsound

_testconsole functools queue wsgiref

_testimportmultiple gc quopri xdrlib

_testmultiphase genericpath random xml

_thread getopt re xmlrpc

_threading_local getpass reprlib xxsubtype

_tkinter gettext rlcompleter zipapp

_tracemalloc glob rmagic zipfile

_warnings gzip runpy zipimport

_weakref hashlib sched zlib

Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search

for modules whose name or summary contain the string "spam".在接下来的几章中了解一些常用的内置模块。